Why Did My Gas Gauge Stop Working?

Have you ever found yourself on a long drive, glancing nervously at the gas gauge as it sits dangerously close to empty? You’re not alone.

But what happens when the gas gauge stops working? It’s a scenario we’d all rather avoid, but it’s better to be prepared. Understanding how our vehicle’s gas gauge works and why it may stop working is essential knowledge for any driver. This article will delve into the common causes of gas gauge failure, providing practical advice and precautionary measures to help you avoid such situations.

What is a gas gauge and how does it work?

The gas gauge — an essential component in your vehicle — plays a vital role in alerting you when it’s time to refuel. It’s part of a complex system made of 3 main components: the gauge, the sender, and the circuit. These components work together to keep you informed of how much fuel is left in your tank. But problems can occur.

Common gas gauge problems

The most common causes of faulty gas gauges include sending unit failure, a blown fuse, circuit problems, and instrument cluster failure. We’ll discuss each in detail below.

Bad fuel sending unit

A faulty fuel gauge resistor in the sending unit can send full voltage to the fuel gauge at all times, causing it to read as full regardless of the actual fuel level. Other symptoms of a faulty fuel-sending unit include a fuel gauge getting stuck on empty or full and the fuel gauge behaving erratically. It’s like having a broken watch that either always reads 12 o’clock or jumps from time to time randomly.

Blown fuse

One common cause of a blown fuse is corrosion. Over time, elements such as moisture and salt can cause corrosion, leading to electrical issues that can blow a fuse. Once the fuse for the instrument panel is blown, it can affect the fuel gauge, making it read incorrectly or not at all.

Corroded wires and circuit issues

Corroded wires are typically caused by exposure to moisture, chemicals, or environmental factors such as salt or pollution. When corrosion occurs, it can lead to voltage and current flow degradation. When corrosion interferes with the electrical flow in your vehicle’s wiring, it can cause the gas gauge to read incorrectly.

Circuit issues can also lead to problems with your gas gauge. These issues could stem from a lack of source voltage or an interrupted ground. If the circuit delivering information between the sending unit (fuel level sensor) and the gas gauge is interrupted, the gauge may provide inaccurate readings. One common cause of circuit problems is poor-quality wire insulation.

Instrument cluster failure

Instrument cluster failure is the least common cause of gas gauge failure. However, if it does occur, it’s often the most expensive problem to fix. This is because modern instrument clusters are fully integrated circuits and may not even feature replaceable bulbs. If the gas gauge fails as part of the cluster, the entire unit must be replaced.

Can you drive with a faulty gas gauge?

The most obvious risk of driving with a faulty gas gauge is running out of fuel unexpectedly. This could potentially leave you stranded on the side of the road. More than the inconvenience of being stuck, running your vehicle on low fuel can cause the fuel pump to overheat.

Also, if your gas gauge isn’t working properly, allowing your tank to be constantly close to empty, debris can settle at the bottom of your fuel tank and cause problems with your fuel system.

How to fix a gas gauge

There are several tests to check the gas gauge. Be sure to consult with a professional if you’re not experience with safe vehicle maintenance practices. They include:

  • Instrument cluster self-test: Turn the ignition switch on but don’t start the engine. Press and hold the odometer reset button. After a few seconds, the gauges and lights on the instrument panel will go through a series of checks. Pay close attention to the fuel gauge during this process. If it does not move or behaves erratically, there might be an issue with the instrument cluster.
  • Fuel sender unit test: Disconnect the wire that runs from the sender unit to the gas gauge. Ground this wire and turn on the ignition. If the gas gauge moves to the full position, the sender unit could be faulty.
  • Voltage test: Using a multimeter set to 20V DC, test the wiring going to the gauge. If it’s not receiving 12 volts, the gauge could be faulty.
  • Ground wire test: Check the ground wire and ensure that it’s properly connected. If this wire is loose or disconnected, it can cause the gas gauge to give inaccurate readings.

Stay Safe as You Travel for Thanksgiving

More than 132 million people are expected to travel for Thanksgiving this year. Most will likely be from the Mid-Atlantic region (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) and the busiest travel day will be the Sunday after Thanksgiving,

If you’re planning to travel by car, try to avoid the peak travel times and follow these American Red Cross tips to help keep you safe:

  1. Make sure your car is in good condition for a road trip.
  2. Pack an emergency preparedness kit, supplies and a first aid kit in your vehicle.
  3. Share travel plans with a family member or friend.
  4. Check the weather before departing and along your route. Plan for travel around any storms that may be coming.
  5. Be well rested and alert.
  6. Buckle up, slow down and don’t drive impaired.
  7. Follow the rules of the road and use caution in work zones.
  8. Give your full attention to the road. Avoid distractions such as cell phones.
  9. Make frequent stops. During long trips, rotate drivers. If you’re too tired to drive, stop and get some rest.
  10. If you have car trouble, pull off the road as far as possible.

 

If winter weather threatens and you become stuck in the snow, these tips are for you:

  • Stay with the car. Do not try to walk to safety.
  • Tie a brightly colored cloth (preferably red) to the antenna for rescuers to see.
  • Start the car and use the heater for about 10 minutes every hour. Keep the exhaust pipe clear so fumes won’t back up in the car.
  • Leave the overhead light on when the engine is running to help rescuers see the vehicle.
  • Keep one window, away from the blowing wind, slightly open to let in fresh air.
  • Carry an emergency preparedness kit in the trunk.
  • Keep your car’s gas tank full for emergency use and to keep the fuel line from freezing.

What Is an Ignition Coil?

An ignition coil, as its name suggests, plays a vital role in igniting the engine. This small yet potent device delivers up to 60,000 volts of power to the spark plugs to ensure your vehicle’s smooth operation. You can find the ignition coil nestled within the engine compartment. The heart of your vehicle’s performance lies in its ignition system, with the ignition coil playing a starring role. Keeping it maintained will help to have a smooth, efficient drive.

What does an ignition coil do?

The ignition coil functions as a power transformer. It takes the 12-volt charge from your car battery and transforms it into something much more potent. This converted voltage, which can reach up to 60,000 volts, is what your spark plugs need to ignite the fuel-and-air mixture within the engine’s combustion chambers. Without a functioning ignition coil, the spark plug would not receive the necessary voltage to create the spark needed to ignite the fuel-air mix.

Where is it? The location of your ignition coil depends on the make and model of your vehicle. One common location is attached to the spark plugs on top of the engine block.

Types of ignition coils

Understanding the different types of ignition coils can be incredibly helpful, especially when it comes to maintaining your vehicle or diagnosing potential problems.

Canister-style coils

Conventional ignition coils, often referred to as canister-style coils, were very common in older vehicles. The design of these coils is quite simple: A metal canister houses the primary and secondary windings. They typically sit outside the engine and are wired to a distributor, which then takes on the responsibility of distributing the high voltage from the coil to the spark plugs. Despite their simplicity, conventional ignition coils are known for their durability and reliability.

Distributorless ignition system (DIS) coils

As technology advanced, so did ignition coils. Enter the distributorless ignition system (DIS) coils. These coils represent a significant step forward in ignition technology. Instead of relying on a distributor, DIS coils are usually mounted directly on or near the spark plugs. Each coil is tasked with supplying high voltage to a specific spark plug. This design allows for more precise timing of spark production for each cylinder, thanks to the use of sensors. The result is improved ignition performance and efficiency over conventional coils.

Coil-on-plug (COP) ignition coils

Taking the concept of DIS coils a notch higher, we have the coil-on-plug (COP) ignition coils. In a COP system, each cylinder gets its own personal ignition coil, which is mounted directly on the spark plug. This setup eliminates the need for spark plug wires, allowing for even more precise and efficient ignition. COP ignition coils provide enhanced spark energy and better control over combustion. The outcomes are improved engine performance and reduced emissions.

Signs of a bad ignition coil

How can you tell if your ignition coil is failing and needs attention? Here are some common signs:

  1. The check engine light is on: If it illuminates, it could be indicating a problem with your ignition coil.
  2. The engine misfires: Should your ignition coil begin to fail, it might fail to supply adequate voltage to the spark plugs, resulting in misfires.
  3. Starts are difficult: When spark plugs aren’t receiving enough power to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the engine, your vehicle will have a hard time starting.
  4. Fuel economy decreases: A failing ignition coil can disrupt the balance of fuel consumption and power generation, leading to less-than-optimal fuel economy.
  5. Power begins to lag: A bad ignition coil might not supply enough power to the spark plugs, resulting in reduced engine performance.
  6. The engine backfires: This might indicate a faulty ignition coil failing to ignite the fuel in the combustion chamber adequately.

How long do ignition coils last?

On average, a well-maintained ignition coil should last around 100,000 miles. However, this can vary depending on factors like your driving habits, vehicle make and model, and even the climate you live in. It’s important to remember that preventive maintenance is always better than reactive repairs. Regular check-ups can assist in identifying potential issues before they develop into more severe (and expensive) complications. So, if your check engine light has been flickering or your engine is misfiring, it’s best to schedule a visit to your mechanic sooner rather than later.

Understanding your vehicle, including the vital role of the ignition coil, ensures smooth and efficient driving. However, even with impeccable maintenance, unforeseen issues can arise. Having the right auto insurance is key to protecting your car from unexpected repair costs and other road-related incidents. It not only gives you peace of mind but also helps to ensure that you get back on the road without worrying about financial implications.

What causes brake failure?

Knowing when to replace your brake pads is important, however, knowing what causes them to fail is equally crucial. If you think your brakes are broken while on the road, do not continue driving. It might cause a serious accident. It’s best to get to the side of the road as safely as possible and get help. To avoid this from happening, here are the most common causes of brake failure that you have to know:

  1. Loss of brake fluid 

The brake fluid provides the force created when you press the brake pedal. This force is applied to each of the brake rotors on the four corners of your car. When pressure is applied effectively, the wheels slow or stop the movement of the car.

If there’s a leak in your brake fluid, it can cause a loss of brake pressure which means your car won’t be able to stop. You’ll know if your brake fluid is leaking when there’s liquid dripping from your engine down to the floor. If you notice a leak, get it repaired and replaced first before driving.

  1. Damaged brake cylinder

The brake cylinder is a hydraulic pump that feeds brake fluid into the brake circuit to convert the pressure on the brake pedal to hydraulic pressure. A bad brake cylinder can cause your braking system to lose power.

If the brake fluid is leaking past the seals inside the cylinder, your brake pedal may feel firm for a moment but it won’t hold steady. You will start to feel it go spongy, and mushy, and may sink far down when pressed.

  1. Bad brake booster

As the name suggests, a brake booster helps to boost the performance of your brakes. This makes it easier for you to brake by increasing the force exerted without the need for the additional force applied on the foot pedal.

If the brake booster fails, it loses the ability to amplify the force from your foot. This means you’ll have to use more effort when stepping on your brake pedal. This can reduce the hydraulic pressure in the brake fluid, making it harder to brake.

5 Signs of a Failing CV Axle

A CV (constant velocity) axle is a critical component in a vehicle’s drivetrain, responsible for transferring power from the transmission to the wheels while allowing for flexible movement. Here are five signs that may indicate a failing CV axle:

  1. Clicking or popping sounds:  One of the most common signs of a failing CV axle is a clicking or popping sound when turning. This noise often occurs during sharp turns and is a result of worn-out or damaged CV joints. The joints may no longer be able to maintain smooth articulation, leading to audible clicking.

  2. Vibration or shaking:  If you experience vibrations or shaking, particularly during acceleration, it could be a sign of a failing CV axle. This typically indicates issues with the CV joint or axle shaft, causing an imbalance that manifests as vibrations when driving.

  3. Grease on the inner edges of the tire: A torn or damaged CV boot can lead to the leakage of grease, which is essential for lubricating the CV joint. If you notice grease on the inner edges of your tires, it may be an indication that the CV boot has failed, and the joint is at risk of damage due to lack of lubrication.

  4. Axle shaft play or excessive play: If there is excessive play or movement in the axle shaft when you try to move it back and forth, it may suggest a problem with the CV joint. A healthy CV joint should not have noticeable play, and any movement may indicate wear or damage.

  5. Difficulty turning or steering: A failing CV axle can result in difficulty turning the vehicle, especially during sharp turns. If you find it harder to steer, or if there’s resistance or a binding feeling when turning, it could be due to a compromised CV joint.

5 BENEFITS OF HAVING A SPARE CAR KEY

Like many other things in life, you don’t realize how much you need a spare key until it’s too late.

It doesn’t come to mind immediately for many of us, but it can be a lifesaver in many situations.

So let’s go over just a few benefits of having a spare car key!

  1. Lockouts: For those of us who have locked ourselves out of our car or home, we know the panic that sets in when we’re locked out. An extra key allows us access if we make the mistake of leaving our keys in our vehicle.
  2. Key Durability: Whether you want to alternate keys monthly to preserve them or save your original and wear down the copy. Having a spare key can keep you from wearing down your original key and can prevent issues down the road.
  3. Convenience This may fall into the category of a first-world problem, but you can prevent the headache of having to change keys between friends and family consistently. Calling a trusted friend is cheaper than calling a locksmith or tow company!
  4. Peace of Mind: A spare car key can provide peace of mind in several ways. Running late for work? Don’t want to leave a friend hanging? Having a spare key can save you the anxiety of running late for anything important. You don’t have to worry about misplacing your original keys in the moment. Even in the worst-case scenario of losing your keys, you’re not entirely out of luck because you have another copy.
  5. Save Money: Last but not least is the financial element of saving money. Having a spare created costs money upfront but can save you tons on the back end. Sometimes, it’s easier and cheaper to make a key if you have a spare compared to starting from nothing. Let’s face the truth. Time = Money. Waiting for a locksmith, not to mention paying for the services, really can add up.

8 Common Radiator Issues

The radiator is a crucial component of a car’s cooling system, responsible for dissipating heat generated by the engine. Common radiator issues can lead to overheating and other problems. Here are some common radiator issues in a car:

Coolant Leaks:

One of the most prevalent problems is coolant leaks. Leaks can occur due to corrosion, aging hoses, or damage to the radiator itself. Puddles of coolant under the car, visible wetness around the radiator, or a drop in coolant levels are signs of a leak.

Corrosion:

Over time, the radiator can corrode both internally and externally. Internal corrosion may lead to blockages, reducing the radiator’s efficiency. External corrosion can cause leaks. Using the recommended coolant and regular coolant flushes can help prevent corrosion.

Clogged Radiator:

Sediment, rust, or debris in the coolant can accumulate in the radiator, leading to clogs. Clogged radiators restrict the flow of coolant and hinder the cooling system’s effectiveness. Flushing the radiator as part of regular maintenance helps prevent clogs.

Faulty Thermostat:

The thermostat regulates the flow of coolant through the radiator. A malfunctioning thermostat may either not open properly, causing overheating, or fail to close, leading to inefficient cooling. If the engine temperature fluctuates or stays consistently high, the thermostat may be a potential culprit.

Broken or Damaged Radiator Fan:

The radiator fan helps cool the radiator by drawing air through its fins. A malfunctioning or broken fan can result in inadequate cooling, leading to overheating. Issues with the fan may include a failed motor, damaged blades, or electrical problems.

Radiator Cap Issues:

The radiator cap maintains pressure within the cooling system. A worn or faulty cap can result in coolant loss, overheating, or air entering the system. Regularly inspect the radiator cap for wear and replace it if necessary.

Fins Damage:

The thin fins on the radiator help dissipate heat. Damage to these fins, whether due to debris impact or corrosion, can reduce the radiator’s efficiency. Gently straightening bent fins can sometimes improve airflow, but severe damage may require radiator replacement.

Radiator Hose Problems:

The hoses connecting the radiator to the engine can deteriorate over time, leading to leaks. Check for visible signs of wear, cracking, or bulging in the hoses, and replace them if needed.

Regular maintenance, such as checking coolant levels, inspecting hoses, and performing radiator flushes, can help prevent some of these issues. If you notice any signs of radiator problems, it’s essential to address them promptly to prevent engine overheating and potential damage

Signs of a failing AC Compressor

The AC compressor is one of the most essential parts of your car’s air conditioning system. It’s responsible for pumping refrigerant through the AC, helping to cool the air that blows through your vents. When the compressor starts to fail, it can affect how well your AC works, especially on hot days. Here are some signs to watch out for if your AC compressor is having trouble.

First, if you notice warm air coming out of the vents instead of cold air, that’s a big clue that something’s wrong. The AC compressor might be unable to move the refrigerant properly, so the air inside the car won’t cool down.

Another sign is strange noises when you turn on the AC. The compressor has moving parts inside, and if those parts wear out or break, you might hear grinding, rattling, or squealing sounds. These noises usually mean the compressor is struggling and could stop working soon.

You may also see your AC turning on and off more frequently than usual. This is called “short cycling.” When the compressor can’t maintain steady pressure, it forces the AC to cycle on and off quickly, which is terrible for both the compressor and the overall AC system.

Leaks are another thing to look out for. Sometimes, refrigerant or oil can leak from the compressor, making it less efficient. If you spot puddles under your car or notice that the AC isn’t cooling as well as it used to, a leak could be the problem.

Finally, if your car’s engine works harder than usual when the AC is on, that’s another clue. A failing compressor can put extra strain on the engine, making it feel sluggish or causing the car to use more fuel.

10 Mistakes to Avoid on a Road Trip

There’s something liberating about heading out on the open road.  spend the afternoon picnicking at an overlook, or cruise through the night fueled by gas station coffee and snacks. All you need is a reliable car, a killer playlist, and a plan that’s flexible enough to allow for a little wiggle room — because that’s where the fun comes in.

But even the most go-with-the-flow road tripper knows that without some solid pre-trip planning and smart on-the-road know-how, the most amazing road trip can be a bust. To help, we chatted with a few experts who know what you’ll need to do (and not do) in order to make your road trip seamless.

1. Not Taking Your Car in for a Full Tune-up Before Departing

On a long road trip, your car can either be your best friend or your worst enemy. To increase your chances of the former, schedule a full tune-up a week or two before you go. Having a pro check your oil and tire pressure, and make sure your battery, brakes, and engine are working properly, will keep you from being stranded on the side of the road or calling AAA for a tow just a few hours in.

2 Leaving Without Getting Your Home in Order

Sanna Boman, editor-in-chief at Roadtrippers, told Travel + Leisure by email that she recommends making “a list of the things that need taking care of when you’re gone, including your mail, lawn and garden, and house plants.” If you’re worried about leaving the house empty for multiple days (or weeks), she said, “Installing a home security system before you leave can offer peace of mind.”

3. Forgetting to Download Maps, Entertainment, and Road Trip Apps

If you want to avoid data charges at the end of your trip, you’ll need to download everything over Wi-Fi before you leave. Andrew Moore-Crispin, director of content at Ting Mobile, recommends downloading your maps on Google Maps in advance, so you don’t have to use data (or need it) to navigate. The same goes for Spotify playlists and any shows or movies you’ll need to keep young road trippers entertained. “Apps like Netflix, Spotify, and Facebook all see upticks through extensive usage. Control your data in the app’s setting. You can set how much data the app can use, and you can prevent photos from loading in your feed until you’re on Wi-Fi,” he said.

In addition to recommending their Roadtrippers planning app, Boman suggests road trippers download Waze for real-time traffic updates, GasBuddy for finding gas and comparing prices, and Recreation.gov for managing your campground reservations.

4. Overlooking the Tech Accessories You Need to Stay Online and in Control

Pack your car phone charger (or upgrade to this multi-phone car charger), and make sure to have a place to put your phone, so you can check the directions without fumbling or looking down. This universal magnetic car mount from WizGear hooks into your car’s air vent to keep your phone in view at all times — and it’s less than $10.

5. Leaving Home Without a Cooler of Snacks and Drinks

Chances are, there are plenty of gas stations and fast food joints along the way, but a trip sustained by burgers, fries, candy, and chips will get old fast. Pack a cooler with pre-cut veggies and fruit, nuts, sandwiches, and of course, some healthy snacks. To keep you hydrated and lightly caffeinated on a long day.

6. Not Keeping Things Organized and Clean During the Trip

When you’re living in your car, things can get messy quickly. Bring along wet wipes, paper towels, and hand sanitizer, and stow everything in a seat back organizer (this one has a trash compartment, tissue holder, and a place to stow water bottles or wipes). When packing the car, load things you won’t need until later first, so the items you’ll use throughout the drive are more accessible.

7. Planning Everything so There’s No Room for Spontaneity

One of the best parts of road tripping is having the freedom to stop, explore, and reroute at any moment. “Once you plan out your trip, you can always deviate from your plan, but it’s a good idea to do some research ahead of time to get the most out of your trip,” said Boman. “Road trips are all about the journey — of course, time or budget constraints can dictate the route, but detours and unexpected stops are often the most memorable moments from a trip.”

8. Not Stopping to Stretch Your Legs Often Enough

If you have a final destination in mind, it may be tempting to drive straight through, but if you do, you’ll miss everything that makes a road trip fun. Side trips and highway attractions are a big part of road tripping — you never know when you’ll come across an Airbnb that’s shaped like a giant beagle or pass a beautiful hike that’s right off the road.

“When hitting the road, the biggest mistake that people make is not stopping often enough to stretch their legs and walk. To keep your mind fresh to focus on driving safely, I recommend stopping once an hour to move around and stretch, whether that means getting gas or grabbing a cup of coffee, then enjoying a 30-minute break every four to five hours for a short walk or hike,” said Dr. Suzanne Bartlett-Hackenmiller, an integrative medicine physician and the medical advisor for AllTrails. “According to the Journal of Safety Research, 30 minutes is sufficient to help fight against fatigue during longer trips.”

9. Driving Without the Gear (or Know-how) to Change a Flat Tire

Not every car (or rental car) comes with a spare tire kit. Take the time to make sure you have a fully inflated spare and everything you’d need to put it on — a jack, lug wrench, and the owner’s manual. If you don’t have a spare tire, buy one (and the necessary tools) before taking off. You should also get a little tutorial (either in person or online) on how to change a flat tire should something come up. There’s nothing fun about relying on a Google search when you’re in the middle of nowhere.

10. Leaving Home Without a Road Trip Emergency Kit

Don’t leave home without preparing for some common road trip mishaps. A flashlight with extra batteries, a tire pressure gauge, jumper cables, a car battery charger (or spare battery), extra water, a few energy bars, and some first-aid essentials — pain reliever, bandages, and scissors — will go a long way should something go awry.

How to Prevent Car Rust

As you can see, rust on a car can be a very serious issue. This is why it’s so important to learn how to prevent car rust. Luckily, keeping your vehicle rust-free is pretty easy. Start with these five tips.

1. Wash Your Car Frequently

One of the easiest ways to prevent rust on a car is to wash it often. Not only will it keep your car looking shiny and new, but it will also remove corrosive debris, salt, and grime.

It’s important not to wait for your car to look dirty before washing it. The elements that attack your car’s paint aren’t visible to the naked eye, so by the time you can see that you’re due for a wash, some damage has already occurred.

While any type of car wash is better than not washing your car at all, a high-pressure cleaner is the most effective. This will allow you to easily clean tricky areas – like your undercarriage and the inside of your wheel arches. For the best protection, plan to wash your vehicle once a week and have it professionally cleaned every few months.

2. Don’t Forget the Wax

To keep your car in the best possible condition and prevent rust from forming, you’ll want to wax it at least twice a year. This adds another layer of protection between your car’s paint and rust-causing moisture. If you’re not storing your car in a garage, you’ll need to wax it even more often to make up for the extra exposure to the elements.

It’s easy to wax your car on your own, but if you don’t have the time, consider adding a hand wax when you take it for professional cleaning.

3. Apply a Rust Coating

If you’re already having problems with rust or you live in a harsh environment, it’s a good idea to have a protective rust-proof coating applied by a professional. Since exposure to salt is one of the primary causes of rust, this is even more important if you live by the ocean or the gulf. In areas where salt is frequently applied to icy roads, rustproofing can also make a major difference.

If you have a short-term lease or don’t plan to keep your car for long, then you can probably skip the rustproofing. However, if you plan to hold onto your vehicle for the long haul, this is definitely worth considering.

4. Protect Your Car from the Elements

Constant exposure to sun, rain, and snow can do a number on your car. If you want to avoid rust, you really should park it under cover. If your home doesn’t already have a garage, consider adding one. A portable garage is an affordable option that’s ideal for those who rent their homes, on a tight budget, or don’t have a lot of space. A steel garage is an excellent option for a homeowner who has room to spare, is looking for a permanent option, and wants to save money on a new structure.

5. Repair Rust Before It Spreads

It’s a good idea to give your car a once-over each time you wash it. Keep an eye out for any paint damage or small spots of rust. When checking your car, also pay close attention to the condition of drain holes, water channels, and seals. If moisture collects here, rust can start to form unseen.

Any time you notice a possible sign of rust, it’s important not to let it go. Taking care of it before it spreads can save you a lot of time and thousands of dollars in future repairs.